Blood groups introduction classical abo blood grouping system rh blood grouping system clinical applications of blood groups. The number of antigens per blood group system, collection, and series varies tremendously from 1 in the p system to more than 30 in the rh and mns systems. Her blood was incompatible with all o negative donor units tested until the blood bank technologist margaret helgeson, tested her own blood and found it compatible. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn.
The knops blood group kn is located on cr1 and some of these antigens, ie, mccoy mcc and swainlangley sl a, show marked frequency differences between caucasians and africans. The knops blood group system is a system of antigens located on this protein. Cl a, dane, dantu, erik, far, hag, he, hil, hop, hut, mars, m c, m e. System name system symbol gene names number of antigens chromosomal location cd numbers. Several antigens have been described in the knops blood group system on cr1. The international society for blood transfusion isbt working party on red blood cells immunogenetics and blood group terminology named the knops as 22nd blood group system. There are three antigens in the abo blood group system, a, b and h. Red blood cell complement receptor one level varies with. Analysis of knops blood group antigens on cr1 cd35 by the maiea test and by immunoblotting. The lutheran bgs is also incorrectly named, as will be explained shortly.
Table 62 gives information on the blood group systems other than the nine major systems. Analysis of complement receptor type 1 expression on red blood cells in negative phenotypes of the knops blood group system, according to cr1 gene allotype polymorphisms. They named the causative antigen jr after rose jacobs, one of the five patients the common name junior is in fact a misnomer. Collections a blood group system consists of one or more antigens, controlled by a single gene kell or by two rh or three mns very closely linked homologous genes. Every blood group system has gene or genes differ than the other systems. Human genetic polymorphisms in the knops blood group are not. The first antibody in the knops blood group was found in the serum of an o rh negative woman who had been multiply transfused in previous surgeries. This blood group system is considered the most important, because of the high risk of a severe haemolytic transfusion reaction if abo incompatible blood is transfused. Introduction to the rhesus blood group university of utah. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 021 cromer crom cd55 1q32. Original article red blood cell complement receptor one level.
The blood group knops system has only recently been established. Antibodies have been found that define lowincidence antigens in the mns blood group system named. P blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of any of three substances known as the p, p 1, and p k antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. The protein mediates cellular binding to particles and immune complexes that have activated complement.
May 01, 2001 the knops blood group kn is located on cr1 and some of these antigens, ie, mccoy mcc and swainlangley sl a, show marked frequency differences between caucasians and africans. Kna, mcca, sla and yka are red cell antigens of relatively high frequency, located on complement receptor 1 cr1, cd35. Snps in the knops blood group system have been associated with rosetting 5,15 and possibly protection against malaria 16,17, and other snps with susceptibility to p. Her blood was incompatible with all o negative donor units tested until the blood bank technologist margaret helgeson, tested her own. Analysis of knops blood group antigens on cr1 cd35 by. B3galt3 synthesizes the p antigen from the pk antigen.
The knops blood group system polymorphisms kn12 kn ab, kn36 mcc ab, kn478 sl 123, and kn5 yk a have been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in cr1 and located to ccp 22 or. Antibodies to lowincidence antigens in the cromer blood group system knops blood group system antikna antimcca antisla antiyka indian blood group system antiina antiinb ok blood group system antioka ii blood group collection. People with the rare jra negative blood type can develop antijra antibodies, which may cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn on subsequent exposures. These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Blood group systems page 6 antii antiih antiit antii er blood group collection antiera globoside blood. Analysis of knops blood group antigens on cr1 cd35 by the. Functions of blood groups the structures of the different blood group systems and their.
An antibody panel reveals the presence of antilewis a, a patient has the lewis phenotype leab. Pdf analysis of complement receptor type 1 expression on. Nevertheless, the clinical function of the null phenotypes of these blood groups still remains to be elucidated table 2. Description the blood groups chido ch and rodgers rg are epitopes on the c4 protein, and polymorphisms associated with these epitopes may lead to the formation of antibodies. Both proteins are encoded by the same gene but arise through an alternative use of two aug initiator. Thus, in a report published in 1970, the antibody was named antikn a helgeson and the blood group called knops. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell. Hh blood group system 391 h antigen 395 xk blood group system 398 kx antigen 401 gerbich blood group system 403 ge2 antigen 406 ge3 antigen 408 ge4 antigen 410 wb antigen 412 lsa antigen 4 ana antigen 415 dha antigen 417 cromer blood group system 419 cra antigen 422 tca antigen 424 contents vii marionfm. Human genetic polymorphisms in the knops blood group are.
They are located on complement receptor 1 cr1, cd35, a member of the complement control protein superfamily, and associated with nucleotide changes in cr1, which is part of the regulators of complement activity gene cluster on chromosome 1q32. Several antigens have been described in the knops blood. A distinct, but related antigen, p, which belongs to the globoside glob system, is defined by activity of the b3galt3 gene on chromosome 3q25. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33 blood group systems. O group is the most frequent in abo blood group system followed by a blood group. Table of blood group systems international society of blood. Redefining the identification of knops blood group. The lutheran blood group system the biomedical scientist. Journal of blood group serology and education celeb5rating 2. These antigens are also expressed on the surfaces of cells lining the urinary tract, where they have been identified as adhesion sites for escherichia coli bacteria, which cause urinary tract infections. They are located on complement receptor 1 cr1, cd35, a member of the complement control protein superfamily, and associated with nucleotide changes in cr1, which is part of the regulators of complement.
Decreases in expression of this protein andor mutations in its gene have been associated with gallbladder carcinomas, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Production of soluble recombinant complement receptor cr1. Similarly, knops blood group antigen has been associated with complement receptor 1 and cromer system with decay acceleration factor. The abo gene is located on chromosome 9 and has three alleles, a, b and o.
Science 23 transfusion scientist science the t lu theran b. Human single nucleotide polymorphisms snps associated with knops blood group system. The blood group antigen factsbook winner of a 20 highly commended bma medical book award for internal medicine has been an essential resource in the hematology, transfusion and immunogenetics fields since its first publication in the late 1990s. A blood type also called a blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells rbcs. Jan 28, 20 the knops system consists of nine antigens, including three pairs of antithetical antigens, defined by clinically insignificant antibodies. The knopsmccoy knmcc human erythrocyte blood group system belongs to the category of blood group ag that generate socalled high titer low avidity antibodies in immunized transfusion recipients.
Rh blood group is assigned the prefix 004 each antigen assigned to the rh blood group is given a unique number to complete the six digit number. Blood group system knops abbreviation kn isbt number 022. An analysis of cr1 on red cells of individuals who have made knops system antibodies suggested that the knops system antigens and the antibodies that detect them are complex and heterogeneous. The polymorphism of knops blood group system in korean.
Thus, defining the molecular basis of these antigens may provide new insight into the mechanisms of p falciparum malaria. The knops mccoy knmcc human erythrocyte blood group system belongs to the category of blood group ag that generate socalled high titer low avidity antibodies in immunized transfusion recipients. Molecular identification of knops blood group polymorphisms. It comprises thus far six antigen specificities, kn a, kn b, mcc a, mcc b, mcc c, and yk a table 25. Knops blood group system and the cost antigens human. The junior blood group system or jr is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the jra antigen, a highfrequency antigen that is found on the red blood cells of most individuals. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. Blood group antigensimmunology blood grouping and crossmatchingmethods humans. Original article red blood cell complement receptor one. The knops system consists of nine antigens, including three pairs of antithetical antigens, defined by clinically insignificant antibodies.
Knops blood group system and the cost antigens human blood. The knops blood group system is localized to the transmembrane protein complement receptor 1 cr1cd35, whose main function is the regulation of the complement system through the binding of complement components 3b and 4b in immune complexes. Blood samples five to 20 ml of blood was collected by venipuncture into tubes containing either acidcitratedextrose or edta. Immunohematology, volume 26, number 1, 2010 3 knops blood group system knops protein 21in 1991, two groups identified complement receptor one cr1 as the protein carrying the kn a, mcca, and sl blood group antigens. Blood group systems page 6 antii antiih antiit antii er blood group collection antiera. Nine antigens, kn a, kn b, mcc a, mcc b, sl1, sl2, sl3, kcam, and yk a, carried on the complement receptor 1 glycoprotein and controlled by cr1 gene have been described. Mar 01, 2018 the lutheran blood group system bgs consists of a large number of antigens, 24 being recognised by the international society of blood transfusion at the time of writing, and is also of interest in terms of the various backgrounds to the apparent luab phenotypes. E antigen 004003 advantage over rosenfield is that it is a purely numeric system, which is easier for data processing. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them, and include the common abo and rh rhesus antigen. Antibodies to lowincidence antigens in the mns blood group system clinical. The knops blood group system polymorphisms kn12 kn ab, kn36 mcc ab, kn478 sl 123, and kn5 yk a have been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in. Gerbich blood group system isbt 020 the antigens for the gerbich blood group system reside on glycophorin c gpc or glycophorin d gpd glycoproteins. This term was used to describe a group of alloantibodies that appeared to have many of the same characteristics, including very weak reactions.
This chapter discusses the knops blood group system. Expansion of the knops blood group system and subdivision. Blood group system an overview sciencedirect topics. What are blood group systems currently there are 345 blood group antigens. It comprises thus far six antigen specificities, kn a, kn b, mcc a, mcc b, mcc c, and yk a, tab. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33 blood group. Table of blood group systems international society of. The complex interactions between the human host and the plasmodium falciparum parasite and the factors influencing severity of disease are still not fully understood. Expansion of the knops blood group system and subdivision of. Knops isbt no 022 blood group system antikna kn1 yes yes i no no 94.